This course enables students to continue to develop and consolidate the foundational knowledge and skills that they need for reading, writing, and oral and visual communication. Throughout the course, students will continue to enhance their media literacy and critical literacy skills, and to develop and apply transferable skills, including digital literacy. Students will also make connections to their lived experiences and to society and increase their understanding of the importance of language and literacy across the curriculum.

Prerequisite: None

This course enables students to consolidate, and continue to develop, an understanding of mathematical concepts related to number sense and operations, algebra, measurement, geometry, data, probability, and financial literacy. Students will use mathematical processes, mathematical modelling, and coding to make sense of the mathematics they are learning and to apply their understanding to culturally responsive and relevant real-world situations. Students will continue to enhance their mathematical reasoning skills, including proportional reasoning, spatial reasoning, and algebraic reasoning, as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.

This course enables students to develop their understanding of basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to relate science to technology, society, and the environment. Throughout the course, students will develop their skills in the processes of scientific investigation. Students will acquire an understanding of scientific theories and conduct investigations related to sustainable ecosystems; atomic and molecular structures and the properties of elements and compounds; the study of the universe and its properties and components; and the principles of electricity.

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of relationships and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills though investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will explore quadratic relations and their applications; solve and apply linear systems; verify properties of geometric figures using analytic geometry, and investigate the trigonometry of right and acute triangles. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. 98

Prerequisite: Grade 9 Mathematics, DE-streamed (2021), or Grade 9 Principles of Mathematics, Academic,  MPM1D (2005)

This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between science, technology, society, and the environment. Students are also given opportunities to further develop their scientific investigation skills. Students will plan and conduct investigations and develop their understanding of scientific theories related to the connections between cells and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular focus on acid–base reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.

Prerequisite: Grade 9 Science, Academic or Applied

This course is designed to extend the range of oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the selective use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 11 university or college preparation course.

Description:

This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and ethics and current issues in accounting.

Prerequisite: None

Course Description:
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of matter, energy, and the quantitative relationships in chemical systems. Students will explore the properties of solutions and gases, chemical reactions, and atomic and molecular structures. Emphasis is placed on the use of quantitative analysis and mathematical relationships to solve problems, and on the role of chemistry in daily life and technology. Students will also develop laboratory techniques, inquiry skills, and communication skills while investigating chemical concepts and processes.

Prerequisite:
Science, Grade 10, Academic (SNC2D)

Strands & Topics Covered:

• Matter, Chemical Trends, and Chemical Bonding – Periodic table, atomic structure, bonding theories, and molecular geometry.

• Chemical Reactions – Types of reactions, balancing equations, energy changes, and reaction applications.

• Quantities in Chemical Reactions – Mole concept, stoichiometry, limiting reagents, and percent yield.

• Solutions and Solubility – Properties of solutions, concentration, solubility curves, and qualitative/quantitative solution analysis.

• Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry – Gas laws, kinetic molecular theory, applications in real-world contexts, and environmental impact.

Course Format:

• A mix of theory, lab investigations, and problem-solving exercises.

• Strong focus on inquiry skills, safe lab practices, and scientific communication.

• Integration of real-world applications to connect chemistry with technology, health, and the environment.

Credit Value: 1.0
Type: University Preparation

Course Description:
This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore the laws of dynamics and energy transformations, the properties of mechanical waves and sound, and the behavior of electricity and magnetism. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the relationships between physics and technology, and on the connections between scientific knowledge and society. Students will enhance their problem-solving and critical-thinking skills by applying their knowledge of physics to both familiar and new situations. They will also refine their ability to communicate scientific information through discussions, written work, and lab reports.

Prerequisite:
Science, Grade 10, Academic (SNC2D)

Strands & Topics Covered:

• Kinematics – Motion in one and two dimensions, vectors, velocity, acceleration.

• Forces – Newton’s laws, friction, forces in two dimensions, applications of dynamics.

• Energy and Society – Work, energy transformations, power, efficiency, energy conservation.

• Waves and Sound – Properties of waves, sound transmission, resonance, and real-world applications.

• Electricity and Magnetism – Electric fields, current, potential difference, Ohm’s law, series and parallel circuits, electromagnetism.

Course Format:

• Strong focus on inquiry-based investigations, hands-on experiments, and the application of mathematical analysis.

• Students develop skills in data collection, interpretation, and communication of scientific findings.

• Real-world contexts and connections to modern technology are highlighted throughout the course.

Credit Value: 1.0
Type: University Preparation

Description: 

This course furthers students’ understanding of the processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biodiversity; evolution; genetic processes; the structure and function of animals; and the anatomy, growth, and function of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic

Description:

This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures, as well as a range of informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and incorporating stylistic devices appropriately and effectively. The course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 university or college preparation course.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Academic

Description: 

This course introduces the mathematical concept of the function by extending students’ experiences with linear and quadratic relations. Students will investigate properties of discrete and continuous functions, including trigonometric and exponential functions; represent functions numerically, algebraically, and graphically; solve problems involving applications of functions; investigate inverse functions; and develop facility in determining equivalent algebraic expressions. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic

Financial Accounting Principles

Develop advanced accounting knowledge and practical financial-analysis skills for postsecondary study and the business world.

This course introduces students to advanced accounting principles and practices. Students will examine the accounting cycle, financial statements, accounting procedures for assets, partnerships and corporations, and the use of accounting information in business decision-making.

Throughout the course, students will apply accounting concepts to realistic business situations, analyze annual reports, calculate and interpret financial ratios, and evaluate the financial health of companies. Students will also explore ethical issues in accounting and the importance of accurate, transparent financial reporting.

A major component of the course is the Independent Study Project, which allows students to complete an in-depth financial analysis using qualitative and quantitative evidence. The course also develops accuracy, organization, critical thinking, problem-solving, research, spreadsheet, and professional communication skills.

This course is ideal for students interested in accounting, business, finance, commerce, entrepreneurship, management, or related postsecondary programs and careers.

Course information

• Discipline: Business Studies
• Course type: University/College Preparation
• Course code: BAT4M
• Prerequisite: Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (BAF3M)
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

The Writer’s Craft

Develop your voice, strengthen your writing process, and create polished original work for academic, professional, and creative audiences.

This course focuses on the knowledge and skills required to become a more confident, purposeful, and effective writer. Students will study exemplary texts, examine how writers make decisions about style, structure, voice, audience, and purpose, and apply these techniques to their own writing.

Throughout the course, students will generate, develop, revise, edit, and publish a range of original pieces. They will experiment with different forms and genres, participate in reflection and feedback activities, and build a diverse portfolio that demonstrates growth across the writing process.

A major component of the course is the Independent Study Project, which allows students to plan, develop, and refine an extended piece of writing. Students will also explore publishing opportunities, writing-related careers, and the ways strong communication skills support success in postsecondary education and the workplace.

This course is ideal for students interested in creative writing, journalism, communications, publishing, media, education, or any field that values clear, thoughtful, and persuasive writing.

Course information

• Discipline: English
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: EWC4U
• Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Challenge and Change in Society

Explore how societies change, why social patterns develop, and how individuals and institutions respond to an evolving world.

This course examines the theories, perspectives, and research methods used in the social sciences to understand social change. Students will investigate how culture, identity, behaviour, beliefs, and social institutions are shaped, maintained, and transformed over time.

Throughout the course, students will analyze contemporary social issues and examine topics such as technological change, globalization, inequality, deviance, social movements, and changing relationships within families and communities. They will apply sociological, psychological, and anthropological perspectives to explain how and why societies change.

Students will also develop research, critical-thinking, communication, and inquiry skills by evaluating evidence, comparing viewpoints, interpreting social patterns, and conducting an independent investigation into a significant social issue.

This course is ideal for students interested in sociology, psychology, anthropology, social work, education, law, politics, public policy, community development, or other fields focused on people and society.

Course information

• Discipline: Social Sciences and Humanities
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: HSB4U
• Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in social sciences and humanities, English, or Canadian and world studies
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Examine the major challenges shaping Canada and the world, and develop informed responses to an increasingly interconnected future.

This course explores contemporary Canadian and global issues from a geographic perspective. Students will investigate how population change, economic development, geopolitics, globalization, urbanization, and environmental pressures influence people, places, and communities.

Throughout the course, students will analyze geographic patterns, evaluate differing perspectives, interpret maps and data, and examine the relationships between human and natural systems. They will consider issues such as migration, inequality, climate change, resource management, conflict, sustainability, and Canada’s role in the world.

Students will also strengthen their inquiry, research, critical-thinking, communication, and decision-making skills by evaluating evidence and proposing informed, responsible courses of action.

This course is ideal for students interested in geography, environmental studies, international relations, public policy, urban planning, law, politics, sustainability, or global development.

Course information

• Discipline: Canadian and World Studies
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: CGW4U
• Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Explore the beliefs, identities, traditions, and creative expressions that shape cultures around the world.

This course examines the nature of culture and the ways cultural identities are formed, maintained, expressed, and transformed over time. Students will explore theories used to study culture and consider how belief systems, values, language, art, philosophy, and social practices influence individuals and communities.

Throughout the course, students will investigate diverse cultural traditions and examine the contributions and influence of cultural groups in Canada and around the world. They will analyze issues related to identity, diversity, cultural exchange, globalization, representation, and social change.

Students will develop research, inquiry, critical-thinking, communication, and intercultural-understanding skills while completing an investigation related to cultural diversity.

This course is ideal for students interested in anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, education, social work, international relations, media, history, or the arts.

Course information

• Discipline: Social Sciences and Humanities
• Course type: University/College Preparation
• Course code: HSC4M
• Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Understand how businesses compete, communicate, and succeed in a complex global economy.

This course provides an introduction to international business and examines the factors that influence trade, investment, marketing, and business decision-making across borders.

Students will explore globalization, international markets, economic systems, trade agreements, cultural influences, supply chains, business ethics, and the opportunities and risks involved in operating internationally.

Throughout the course, students will analyze global business environments, evaluate market opportunities, compare international business strategies, and consider how political, economic, social, technological, and cultural factors affect business success.

This course is ideal for students interested in international business, marketing, finance, economics, entrepreneurship, management, global trade, or related postsecondary programs and careers.

Course information

• Discipline: Business Studies
• Course type: University/College Preparation
• Course code: BBB4M
• Prerequisite: None
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Strengthen your understanding of functions and develop the mathematical reasoning required for university study.

This course extends students’ knowledge of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, exponential, and trigonometric functions. Students will investigate their properties, transformations, rates of change, combinations, inverses, and applications.

Throughout the course, students will solve complex equations, analyze graphs, model real-world relationships, and communicate mathematical reasoning using appropriate symbols, terminology, and technology.

Students will also strengthen their algebraic fluency, problem-solving, critical-thinking, and analytical skills while preparing for further study in mathematics, science, engineering, business, economics, and related fields.

This course is intended for students who plan to take Calculus and Vectors or who require a strong foundation in functions for university study.

Course information

• Discipline: Mathematics
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: MHF4U
• Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Mathematics for College Technology, Grade 12, College Preparation
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Build the reading and writing skills required for graduation, further education, employment, and everyday life.

This course is designed to help students develop and demonstrate the cross-curricular literacy skills evaluated by the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test.

Students will read and interpret informational, narrative, and graphic texts and produce a variety of written forms, including summaries, information paragraphs, opinion pieces, and news reports.

Throughout the course, students will strengthen their reading comprehension, organization, communication, revision, editing, and critical-literacy skills. They will also maintain a portfolio that documents their progress and achievement.

Successful completion of this course satisfies the provincial literacy requirement for the Ontario Secondary School Diploma.

Course information

• Discipline: English
• Course type: Open
• Course code: OLC4O
• Eligibility requirement: Students who have been eligible to write the OSSLT at least twice and have been unsuccessful at least once, subject to applicable Ontario eligibility requirements
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Investigate the laws that govern motion, energy, forces, fields, waves, and the physical universe.

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of major physics concepts and theories. Students will study dynamics, energy and momentum, gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields, wave behaviour, and modern physics.

Throughout the course, students will solve quantitative problems, analyze experimental evidence, apply mathematical models, and investigate how physical principles explain real-world phenomena.

Students will further develop scientific inquiry, problem-solving, data analysis, communication, and laboratory skills while considering the impact of physics-related technologies on society and the environment.

This course is ideal for students preparing for postsecondary programs in science, engineering, technology, mathematics, architecture, health sciences, or related fields.

Course information

• Discipline: Science
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: SPH4U
• Prerequisite: Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Explore the structure, properties, and reactions of matter while developing advanced scientific and analytical skills.

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, atomic structure, molecular structure, energy changes, reaction rates, equilibrium, acids and bases, and electrochemistry.

Throughout the course, students will investigate chemical systems, solve quantitative problems, interpret evidence, and apply scientific principles to laboratory and real-world contexts.

Students will further develop inquiry, experimentation, data analysis, problem-solving, and communication skills. They will also examine the role of chemistry in health, industry, technology, daily life, society, and the environment.

This course is ideal for students preparing for postsecondary programs in chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy, engineering, environmental science, health sciences, or related fields.

Course information

• Discipline: Science
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: SCH4U
• Prerequisite: Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Develop the leadership, management, communication, and decision-making skills needed to succeed in modern organizations.

This course examines how managers and leaders plan, organize, lead, and evaluate within a variety of organizational settings. Students will explore leadership styles, motivation, teamwork, communication, organizational culture, ethics, social responsibility, and strategic decision-making.

Throughout the course, students will analyze management challenges, evaluate workplace situations, develop solutions, and examine the factors that contribute to effective and responsible leadership.

Students will strengthen their collaboration, problem-solving, presentation, planning, conflict-resolution, and professional communication skills while considering how organizations adapt to change and achieve their goals.

This course is ideal for students interested in management, business administration, entrepreneurship, human resources, marketing, public administration, or leadership roles in any professional field.

Course information

• Discipline: Business Studies
• Course type: University/College Preparation
• Course code: BOH4M
• Prerequisite: None
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Explore rates of change, three-dimensional geometry, and the mathematical tools used in science, engineering, economics, and technology.

This course builds on students’ previous experience with functions and introduces concepts from calculus and vector analysis.

Students will investigate limits, derivatives, rates of change, optimization, geometric and algebraic representations of vectors, lines and planes in three-dimensional space, and applications of vector relationships.

Throughout the course, students will solve complex problems, construct mathematical models, analyze graphical and algebraic representations, and communicate their reasoning clearly and accurately.

This course is intended for students pursuing university programs in mathematics, science, engineering, economics, computer science, business, or other fields requiring calculus or linear algebra.

Course information

• Discipline: Mathematics
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: MCV4U
• Prerequisite: Proof of completion of or enrolment in Advanced Functions, Grade 12, University Preparation (MHF4U)
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Strengthen the literacy, communication, media, and critical-thinking skills required for university and beyond.

This course emphasizes the consolidation of reading, writing, oral communication, media literacy, research, and critical-thinking skills needed for success in academic and everyday contexts.

Students will analyze literary, informational, and media texts from a range of periods, cultures, and perspectives. They will develop and support interpretations, evaluate ideas and evidence, and communicate effectively for different audiences and purposes.

Throughout the course, students will produce polished written, oral, and media texts, conduct and document research, participate in discussions and conferences, and complete an Independent Study Project.

This course is ideal for students preparing for university programs and careers that require strong reading, writing, research, communication, and analytical skills.

Course information

• Discipline: English
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: ENG4U
• Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation
• Credit value: 1.0 credit

Investigate the molecular, cellular, genetic, and biochemical processes that support life.

This course provides students with an opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes that occur in biological systems.

Students will examine biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, population dynamics, and the relationships between biological systems and their environments.

Throughout the course, students will conduct investigations, analyze scientific evidence, interpret biological data, solve problems, and communicate conclusions using appropriate scientific terminology and conventions.

Students will also consider the ethical, technological, environmental, and societal implications of developments in biology.

This course is ideal for students preparing for postsecondary programs in biology, medicine, nursing, health sciences, biotechnology, environmental science, pharmacy, or related fields.

Course information

• Discipline: Science
• Course type: University Preparation
• Course code: SBI4U
• Prerequisite: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation
• Credit value: 1.0 credit